Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)

Disc herniation causing pain, weakness, or paralysis — most common in dachshunds and other chondrodystrophic breeds.

What is Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD)?

The discs between vertebrae act as shock absorbers. In IVDD, disc material extrudes (Hansen Type I, sudden and severe) or protrudes (Hansen Type II, chronic and progressive) into the spinal canal, compressing the spinal cord. Severity ranges from back pain only to complete paralysis.

Common signs and symptoms

Signs vary between dogs and can be subtle at first. Watch for the following, especially if several appear together or persist for more than a few days:

  • Sudden back or neck pain, sometimes with vocalising
  • Reluctance to move, jump, or lower the head
  • Hunched back
  • Weakness or wobbliness in the hind limbs
  • Dragging feet or knuckling
  • Complete paralysis with or without pain sensation (emergency)

Risk factors

Certain dogs are more predisposed. Understanding risk helps you screen earlier and act sooner.

  • Dachshund (single highest risk), French Bulldog, Beagle, Cocker Spaniel, Corgi
  • Middle-aged dogs (3–7 for Type I)
  • Overweight body condition
  • High-impact activity (jumping off furniture)

When to see a vet

Use this as general triage guidance, not a substitute for veterinary advice.

  • Book a routine appointment if: any back pain or reluctance to move should be seen the same day.
  • Seek urgent care if: sudden inability to walk, dragging limbs, or loss of feeling — every hour matters if surgery is on the table.

Diagnosis and management

Diagnosis relies on neurological exam plus MRI. Mild cases may respond to strict crate rest, pain control, and anti-inflammatories over 4–6 weeks. Severe cases (non-ambulatory) typically need decompressive surgery, ideally within 24–48 hours. Rehabilitation dramatically improves outcomes.

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